Float-polishing process and analysis of float-polished quartz.

Atomic Structure of Float Polished Surfaces of Calcium Fluoride Single Crystals for Ultra Violet Applications

Calcium fluoride (111) single crystals for ultra violet applications have been finished to flat by the float polishing process with 7nm-diameter silicon dioxide powder, pure water and a tin lap. The flatness of 32nm P-V on 90-mm-diameter samples that had a surface roughness of 0.72 nm Ry, and 0.077 nm rms were obtained. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy study of the cross-section...

High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Calcium Fluoride Single Crystal (111) Surfaces Processed by Ultraprecision Machining

The microstructure of a mechanically finished calcium fluoride (CaF2) was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The (111) oriented surfaces of high-purity CaF2 single crystals were finished to a flat surface by ultra-precision mechanical polishing. A float polishing method—with 7-nm-diameter silicon dioxide powder, pure water, and a tin lap—was employed for the finishing. Prior to ...

Ultra-precision Float Polishing of Optical Materials

Evaluation of the Regularization Algorithm to Decorrelation of Covariance Matrix of Float Ambiguity in Fast Resolution of GPS Ambiguity Parameters

Precise positioning in Real Time Kinematic (RTK) applications depends on the accurate resolution of the phase ambiguities. In RTK positioning, ambiguity parameters are highly correlated, especially when the positioning rate is high. Consequently, application of de-correlation techniques for the accurate resolution of ambiguities is inevitable. Phase ambiguity as positioning observations by the ...

Analysis of an Anomaly: The Increase in Time Float following Consumption

One fundamental axiom for project plan and schedule relates to the notion that time float will be reduced following its consumption. However, an anomalous scenario can emerge in which an activity's time float increases following its consumption. By exploring the associations between time float and paths in activity networks, we (a) reveal the conditions under which the anomaly occurs and (b) su...